大家好，我最近在重学数据结构与算法这门课，顺手整理了10大经典排序算法的Python实现，并配有动画加以理解，建议收藏起来慢慢食用~
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好了，废话少说，上干货 !

1. 冒泡排序

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def bubbleSort(arr):
    for i in range(1, len(arr)):
        for j in range(0, len(arr)-i):
            if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
                arr[j], arr[j + 1] = arr[j + 1], arr[j]
    return arr

2. 选择排序

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def selectionSort(arr):
    for i in range(len(arr) - 1):
        # 记录最小数的索引
        minIndex = i
        for j in range(i + 1, len(arr)):
            if arr[j] < arr[minIndex]:
                minIndex = j
        # i 不是最小数时，将 i 和最小数进行交换
        if i != minIndex:
            arr[i], arr[minIndex] = arr[minIndex], arr[i]
    return arr

3. 插入排序

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def insertionSort(arr):
    for i in range(len(arr)):
        preIndex = i-1
        current = arr[i]
        while preIndex >= 0 and arr[preIndex] > current:
            arr[preIndex+1] = arr[preIndex]
            preIndex-=1
        arr[preIndex+1] = current
    return arr

4. 希尔排序

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def shellSort(arr):
    import math
    gap=1
    while(gap < len(arr)/3):
        gap = gap*3+1
    while gap > 0:
        for i in range(gap,len(arr)):
            temp = arr[i]
            j = i-gap
            while j >=0 and arr[j] > temp:
                arr[j+gap]=arr[j]
                j-=gap
            arr[j+gap] = temp
        gap = math.floor(gap/3)
    return arr

5. 归并排序

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def mergeSort(arr):
    import math
    if(len(arr)<2):
        return arr
    middle = math.floor(len(arr)/2)
    left, right = arr[0:middle], arr[middle:]
    return merge(mergeSort(left), mergeSort(right))

def merge(left,right):
    result = []
    while left and right:
        if left[0] <= right[0]:
            result.append(left.pop(0));
        else:
            result.append(right.pop(0));
    while left:
        result.append(left.pop(0));
    while right:
        result.append(right.pop(0));
    return result

6. 快速排序

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#这里给出快排的单边循环法
def quickSort(arr, left=None, right=None):
    left = 0 if not isinstance(left,(int, float)) else left
    right = len(arr)-1 if not isinstance(right,(int, float)) else right
    if left < right:
        partitionIndex = partition(arr, left, right)
        quickSort(arr, left, partitionIndex-1)
        quickSort(arr, partitionIndex+1, right)
    return arr

def partition(arr, left, right):
    pivot = left
    index = pivot+1
    i = index
    while  i <= right:
        if arr[i] < arr[pivot]:
            swap(arr, i, index)
            index+=1
        i+=1
    swap(arr,pivot,index-1)
    return index-1

def swap(arr, i, j):
    arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]

7. 堆排序

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def buildMaxHeap(arr):
    import math
    for i in range(math.floor(len(arr)/2),-1,-1):
        heapify(arr,i)

def heapify(arr, i):
    left = 2*i+1
    right = 2*i+2
    largest = i
    if left < arrLen and arr[left] > arr[largest]:
        largest = left
    if right < arrLen and arr[right] > arr[largest]:
        largest = right

    if largest != i:
        swap(arr, i, largest)
        heapify(arr, largest)

def swap(arr, i, j):
    arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]

def heapSort(arr):
    global arrLen
    arrLen = len(arr)
    buildMaxHeap(arr)
    for i in range(len(arr)-1,0,-1):
        swap(arr,0,i)
        arrLen -=1
        heapify(arr, 0)
    return arr

8. 计数排序

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def countingSort(arr, maxValue):
    bucketLen = maxValue+1
    bucket = [0]*bucketLen
    sortedIndex =0
    arrLen = len(arr)
    for i in range(arrLen):
        if not bucket[arr[i]]:
            bucket[arr[i]]=0
        bucket[arr[i]]+=1
    for j in range(bucketLen):
        while bucket[j]>0:
            arr[sortedIndex] = j
            sortedIndex+=1
            bucket[j]-=1
    return arr

9. 桶排序

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def bucketSort(array):
    bucket = []

    # Create empty buckets
    for i in range(len(array)):
        bucket.append([])

    # Insert elements into their respective buckets
    for j in array:
        index_b = int(10 * j)
        bucket[index_b].append(j)

    # Sort the elements of each bucket
    for i in range(len(array)):
        bucket[i] = sorted(bucket[i])

    # Get the sorted elements
    k = 0
    for i in range(len(array)):
        for j in range(len(bucket[i])):
            array[k] = bucket[i][j]
            k += 1
    return array

10. 基数排序

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def radix(arr):
    digit = 0
    max_digit = 1
    max_value = max(arr)
    #找出列表中最大的位数
    while 10**max_digit < max_value:
        max_digit = max_digit + 1
    
    while digit < max_digit:
        temp = [[] for i in range(10)]
        for i in arr:
            #求出每一个元素的个、十、百位的值
            t = int((i/10**digit)%10)
            temp[t].append(i)
        
        coll = []
        for bucket in temp:
            for i in bucket:
                coll.append(i)
                
        arr = coll
        digit = digit + 1

    return arr

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最后用一张图来总结以上排序算法的特点：
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参考：